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Chase Valley, KwaZulu-Natal

Ward results

ANC retains its majority

2016

Council seats

ANC52 seats
DA15 seats
IFP5 seats
EFF3 seats
ACDP1 seat
Other2 seats
AIC1 seat
Al Jama-ah1 seat
Msunduzi · 2016 · Reported council seats
Party / entrySeatsShare of seats (%)
AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS5266,6667
DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE1519,2308
INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY56,4103
ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS33,8462
AFRICAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY11,2821
AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CONGRESS11,2821
AL JAMA-AH11,2821
AFRICAN PEOPLE'S CONVENTION00
AZANIAN PEOPLE'S ORGANISATION00
CONGRESS OF THE PEOPLE00
CONSERVATIVES IN ACTION00
INDEPENDENTS00
MINORITY FRONT00

78 seats; 40 needed for a majority.

IEC source

Combined ballot votes

Combined ballot votes

AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
66.1%294 235 votes
DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE
19.2%85 597 votes
INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY
6.6%29 598 votes
ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS
4.1%18 271 votes
AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CONGRESS
1.4%6 430 votes
Other: show remaining parties: hide remaining parties2.5%11 078 votes
INDEPENDENTS
0.9%4 034 votes
AFRICAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY
0.4%1 859 votes
AL JAMA-AH
0.4%1 561 votes
AFRICAN PEOPLE'S CONVENTION
0.3%1 230 votes
MINORITY FRONT
0.3%1 208 votes
CONSERVATIVES IN ACTION
0.1%412 votes
CONGRESS OF THE PEOPLE
0.1%403 votes
AZANIAN PEOPLE'S ORGANISATION
0.1%371 votes
Msunduzi · 2016 · Combined ballot votes
Party / entryCandidateVotesVote share (%)
AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS—294 23566,0892
DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE—85 59719,2263
INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY—29 5986,6481
ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS—18 2714,1039
AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CONGRESS—6 4301,4443
INDEPENDENTS—4 0340,9061
AFRICAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY—1 8590,4176
AL JAMA-AH—1 5610,3506
AFRICAN PEOPLE'S CONVENTION—1 2300,2763
MINORITY FRONT—1 2080,2713
CONSERVATIVES IN ACTION—4120,0925
CONGRESS OF THE PEOPLE—4030,0905
AZANIAN PEOPLE'S ORGANISATION—3710,0833

445209 valid votes. Shares use this ballot’s party totals. All published entries are included.

IEC source

How the vote changed

Other

Council seats by election

Swipe to see history

2000Seats

Seats unavailable for this election.

2006Seats
ANC48—
DA12—
IFP11—

37 for a majority · 73 seats

2011Seatsvs 2006
ANC49
DA15
IFP4
NFP4—

37 for a majority · 73 seats

2016Seatsvs 2011
ANC52
DA15
IFP5
EFF3—

40 for a majority · 78 seats

KZN225 - Msunduzi · Council seats by election
ElectionParty / entrySeatsCouncil totalMajority needed
2 000Seat allocation unavailableUnavailableUnavailableUnavailable
2 006AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS487337
2 006DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE127337
2 006INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY117337
2 006AFRICAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY17337
2 006MINORITY FRONT17337
2 006INDEPENDENTS07337
2 006NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION07337
2 011AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS497337
2 011DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE157337
2 011INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY47337
2 011NATIONAL FREEDOM PARTY47337
2 011MINORITY FRONT17337
2 011AFRICAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY07337
2 011AZANIAN PEOPLE'S ORGANISATION07337
2 011CONGRESS OF THE PEOPLE07337
2 011INDEPENDENTS07337
2 011NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION07337
2 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS527840
2 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE157840
2 016INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY57840
2 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS37840
2 016AFRICAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY17840
2 016AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CONGRESS17840
2 016AL JAMA-AH17840
2 016AFRICAN PEOPLE'S CONVENTION07840
2 016AZANIAN PEOPLE'S ORGANISATION07840
2 016CONGRESS OF THE PEOPLE07840
2 016CONSERVATIVES IN ACTION07840
2 016INDEPENDENTS07840
2 016MINORITY FRONT07840

Ward + municipal PR votes. Missing and grouped entries are not assumed to be zero. Published boundaries may differ between elections.

All history data (JSON)

Ward + municipal PR votes by election

Swipe to see history

2000Vote %
ANC56.5%—
DA23.7%—
IFP17.6%—
NFP0.0%—
EFF0.0%—
Other2.2%—
2006Vote %vs 2000
ANC64.6%
DA15.5%
IFP14.3%
NFP0.0%
EFF0.0%
Other5.5%
2011Vote %vs 2006
ANC65.4%
DA19.2%
IFP4.7%
NFP5.1%
EFF0.0%
Other5.6%
2016Vote %vs 2011
ANC66.1%
DA19.2%
IFP6.6%
NFP0.0%
EFF4.1%
Other3.9%
KZN225 - Msunduzi · Ward + municipal PR votes by election
ElectionPartyVotesVote share (%)Valid ballot totalAvailability
2 000AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS117 17056,5045207 364Reported
2 000DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE49 09923,6777207 364Reported
2 000INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY36 56517,6332207 364Reported
2 000NATIONAL FREEDOM PARTY00207 364No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 000ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS00207 364No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 000AFRICAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY1 7250,8319207 364Reported
2 000AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CONGRESS00207 364No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 000MINORITY FRONT2 0040,9664207 364Reported
2 000NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION00207 364No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 000AL JAMA-AH00207 364No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 000AZANIAN PEOPLE'S ORGANISATION00207 364No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 000AFRICAN PEOPLE'S CONVENTION00207 364No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 000CONGRESS OF THE PEOPLE00207 364No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 000CONSERVATIVES IN ACTION00207 364No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 006AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS141 41164,643218 757Reported
2 006DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE33 99615,5405218 757Reported
2 006INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY31 23914,2802218 757Reported
2 006NATIONAL FREEDOM PARTY00218 757No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 006ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS00218 757No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 006AFRICAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY3 2671,4934218 757Reported
2 006AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CONGRESS00218 757No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 006MINORITY FRONT2 4621,1254218 757Reported
2 006NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION1 5980,7305218 757Reported
2 006AL JAMA-AH00218 757No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 006AZANIAN PEOPLE'S ORGANISATION00218 757No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 006AFRICAN PEOPLE'S CONVENTION00218 757No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 006CONGRESS OF THE PEOPLE00218 757No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 006CONSERVATIVES IN ACTION00218 757No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 011AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS224 01265,355342 762Reported
2 011DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE65 72519,1751342 762Reported
2 011INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY16 0964,696342 762Reported
2 011NATIONAL FREEDOM PARTY17 5745,1272342 762Reported
2 011ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS00342 762No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 011AFRICAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY2 2370,6526342 762Reported
2 011AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CONGRESS00342 762No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 011MINORITY FRONT2 4330,7098342 762Reported
2 011NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION4670,1362342 762Reported
2 011AL JAMA-AH00342 762No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 011AZANIAN PEOPLE'S ORGANISATION1 1130,3247342 762Reported
2 011AFRICAN PEOPLE'S CONVENTION00342 762No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 011CONGRESS OF THE PEOPLE9450,2757342 762Reported
2 011CONSERVATIVES IN ACTION00342 762No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS294 23566,0892445 209Reported
2 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE85 59719,2263445 209Reported
2 016INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY29 5986,6481445 209Reported
2 016NATIONAL FREEDOM PARTY00445 209No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS18 2714,1039445 209Reported
2 016AFRICAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY1 8590,4176445 209Reported
2 016AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CONGRESS6 4301,4443445 209Reported
2 016MINORITY FRONT1 2080,2713445 209Reported
2 016NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION00445 209No votes recorded in the complete party list.
2 016AL JAMA-AH1 5610,3506445 209Reported
2 016AZANIAN PEOPLE'S ORGANISATION3710,0833445 209Reported
2 016AFRICAN PEOPLE'S CONVENTION1 2300,2763445 209Reported
2 016CONGRESS OF THE PEOPLE4030,0905445 209Reported
2 016CONSERVATIVES IN ACTION4120,0925445 209Reported

Ward + municipal PR votes. Missing and grouped entries are not assumed to be zero. Published boundaries may differ between elections.

All history data (JSON)

History data & sources

Ward + municipal PR votes. Connecting bands show the same party’s share or seats between elections, not individual voters moving between parties. Select a year to inspect its values; use the election-year selector to explore its results and places.

The chart names the five largest parties across these elections. The vote list also names parties gaining at least 2 percentage points since the previous election; remaining votes are combined under Other. Other’s change compares the same group of parties in both elections. Missing values remain unavailable.

  • All points use the same ballot basis. Ballot totals are not counts of individual voters.
  • Missing or grouped party rows remain gaps unless a complete, ungrouped list establishes zero votes.
  • Municipal boundaries can change between elections. Published area results are not boundary-adjusted.
All parties & exact values

Ward results

Browse wards

Wards in Msunduzi

39 wards

Ward 1
ANC54.3%Leading candidate: Jabulisile Joyce Ngubo
IFP37.7%
Lead: 2 478 votes
Ward 2
ANC68.4%Leading candidate: Blessing Sbusiso Mtshali
IFP12.3%
Lead: 7 634 votes
Ward 3
ANC77.7%Leading candidate: Linda Linford Madlala
IFP11.9%
Lead: 9 540 votes
Ward 4
ANC80.8%Leading candidate: Hamilton Mlungisi Zondi
EFF8.2%
Lead: 10 013 votes
Ward 5
ANC90.4%Leading candidate: Nkosinathi Maxwell Mbanjwa
IFP3.8%
Lead: 12 052 votes
Ward 6
ANC85.4%Leading candidate: Snothi Raphael Mhlongo
DA4.8%
Lead: 9 427 votes
Ward 7
ANC47.0%Leading candidate: Sandile Duncan Ngubane
IFP43.2%
Lead: 423 votes
Ward 8
ANC48.2%Leading candidate: Makhosazane Precious Zondo
IFP41.1%
Lead: 757 votes
Ward 9
ANC72.0%Leading candidate: Jeffrey Mbuyiselwa Ngcobo
IFP17.4%
Lead: 6 402 votes
Ward 10
ANC87.9%Leading candidate: Nkosinathi Chasewell Nhlakanipho Gambu
DA7.1%
Lead: 8 665 votes
Ward 11
ANC80.4%Leading candidate: Sipho Innocent Madonda
DA7.8%
Lead: 9 163 votes
Ward 12
ANC87.5%Leading candidate: Sboniso Terence Majola
EFF4.7%
Lead: 7 669 votes
Ward 13
ANC86.3%Leading candidate: Gladness Sibongile Mncwango
EFF4.7%
Lead: 12 585 votes
Ward 14
ANC93.5%Leading candidate: Thabiso Patrick Molefe
EFF3.3%
Lead: 10 488 votes
Ward 15
ANC85.1%Leading candidate: Jabulani Nene
INDEPENDENTS5.8%
Lead: 11 282 votes
Ward 16
ANC88.0%Leading candidate: Michael Bhekabantu Zuma
EFF3.7%
Lead: 9 024 votes
Ward 17
ANC81.5%Leading candidate: Thamsanqa Wonderboy Sithole
EFF11.2%
Lead: 8 689 votes
Ward 18
ANC78.2%Leading candidate: Sindisiwe Cydy Gwala
EFF8.5%
Lead: 8 335 votes
Ward 19
ANC83.7%Leading candidate: Siphiwe Caiphas Ndawonde
IFP8.9%
Lead: 8 942 votes
Ward 20
ANC85.4%Leading candidate: Nelisiwe Zanele Ndlovu
EFF7.8%
Lead: 8 070 votes
Ward 21
ANC90.7%Leading candidate: Mtuza Bhekithemba Mkhize
EFF5.3%
Lead: 8 778 votes
Ward 22
ANC89.3%Leading candidate: Xolani Ellington Ngongoma
EFF7.7%
Lead: 9 428 votes
Ward 23
ANC91.7%Leading candidate: Dumisani Bernard Phungula
EFF4.5%
Lead: 7 721 votes
Ward 24
ANC69.7%Leading candidate: Prudence Nokuthula Msimang
DA22.4%
Lead: 5 069 votes
Ward 25
DA88.2%Leading candidate: Melika Singh
ANC9.4%
Lead: 8 682 votes
Ward 26
DA72.9%Leading candidate: Ross Bryan Strachan
ANC23.4%
Lead: 5 814 votes
Ward 27
ANC51.6%Leading candidate: Manqoba Ngubo
DA38.5%
Lead: 943 votes
Ward 28
DA73.7%Leading candidate: Claudell Milany Chetty
ANC19.1%
Lead: 5 944 votes
Ward 29
ANC77.1%Leading candidate: Siphamandla Sydney Madlala
DA13.8%
Lead: 7 587 votes
Ward 30
DA55.2%Leading candidate: Renesha Jugmohan
ANC33.6%
Lead: 2 903 votes
Ward 31
DA66.1%Leading candidate: Rooksana Ahmed
ANC28.4%
Lead: 3 937 votes
Ward 32
DA47.8%Leading candidate: Clive Otis Lotz
ANC46.0%
Lead: 202 votes
Ward 33
DA44.0%Leading candidate: Uraisha Jasomay Haswell
ANC40.1%
Lead: 377 votes
Ward 34
ANC65.1%Leading candidate: Michael Ismail Amod
DA27.9%
Lead: 3 128 votes
Ward 35
ANC57.2%Leading candidate: Sandile Wellington Dlamini
DA24.8%
Lead: 4 069 votes
Ward 36
DA69.4%Leading candidate: Ludwig Johann Winterbach
ANC25.7%
Lead: 4 012 votes
Ward 37
DA66.3%Leading candidate: Sandra Patricia Lyne
ANC28.7%
Lead: 3 659 votes
Ward 38
ANC70.6%Leading candidate: Godman Nkosivelile Dlamini
DA15.5%
Lead: 4 965 votes
Ward 39
ANC65.2%Leading candidate: Ignatia Thandiwe Madondo
IFP24.9%
Lead: 4 117 votes
Wards in Msunduzi ·
WardElectionParty / entryVotesVote share (%)
Ward 12 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS8 09254,3014
Ward 12 016INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY5 61437,6728
Ward 22 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS9 30868,4009
Ward 22 016INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY1 67412,3016
Ward 32 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS11 26977,7119
Ward 32 016INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY1 72911,9233
Ward 42 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS11 13980,7525
Ward 42 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS1 1268,163
Ward 52 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS12 57590,3831
Ward 52 016INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY5233,7591
Ward 62 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS9 98885,4259
Ward 62 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE5614,7982
Ward 72 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS5 20246,9876
Ward 72 016INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY4 77943,1668
Ward 82 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS5 13048,1645
Ward 82 016INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY4 37341,0572
Ward 92 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS8 44372,0024
Ward 92 016INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY2 04117,4058
Ward 102 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS9 42787,8729
Ward 102 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE7627,1029
Ward 112 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS10 14180,4458
Ward 112 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE9787,7582
Ward 122 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS8 10587,4703
Ward 122 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS4364,7054
Ward 132 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS13 31386,3415
Ward 132 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS7284,7214
Ward 142 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS10 86893,456
Ward 142 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS3803,2677
Ward 152 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS12 10485,0538
Ward 152 016INDEPENDENTS8225,7761
Ward 162 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS9 42187,9645
Ward 162 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS3973,7068
Ward 172 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS10 07281,4689
Ward 172 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS1 38311,1866
Ward 182 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS9 35678,2013
Ward 182 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS1 0218,5339
Ward 192 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS9 99983,7437
Ward 192 016INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY1 0578,8526
Ward 202 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS8 87585,4433
Ward 202 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS8057,7501
Ward 212 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS9 32690,7287
Ward 212 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS5485,3313
Ward 222 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS10 31589,346
Ward 222 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS8877,683
Ward 232 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS8 11691,6959
Ward 232 016ECONOMIC FREEDOM FIGHTERS3954,4628
Ward 242 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS7 47569,71
Ward 242 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE2 40622,4378
Ward 252 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE9 72088,2433
Ward 252 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS1 0389,4235
Ward 262 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE8 56272,8743
Ward 262 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS2 74823,3892
Ward 272 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS3 71551,5686
Ward 272 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE2 77238,4786
Ward 282 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE8 02773,6557
Ward 282 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS2 08319,1136
Ward 292 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS9 24377,1214
Ward 292 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE1 65613,8173
Ward 302 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE7 42255,1781
Ward 302 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS4 51933,596
Ward 312 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE6 90666,1368
Ward 312 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS2 96928,4333
Ward 322 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE5 42847,7775
Ward 322 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS5 22645,9995
Ward 332 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE4 19644,0432
Ward 332 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS3 81940,0861
Ward 342 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS5 47665,0975
Ward 342 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE2 34827,9125
Ward 352 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS7 17457,1907
Ward 352 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE3 10524,7529
Ward 362 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE6 36969,3715
Ward 362 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS2 35725,6726
Ward 372 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE6 45466,3446
Ward 372 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS2 79528,7315
Ward 382 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS6 36070,6039
Ward 382 016DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE1 39515,4862
Ward 392 016AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS6 65465,2033
Ward 392 016INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY2 53724,8604

The two largest published entries shown on each ward card. Open a ward for all entries.

Source data

Sources & result details

IEC: 06 Apr 2017, 11:45 SAST · checked 05 Nov 2026, 15:41 SAST

Historical comparisons use published area results. Boundaries may change between elections. Vote shares use the ballot labelled on each chart; ballots are not individual voters.

Vote percentages beside council seats combine ward and municipal PR ballots. Seat counts include both ward and PR councillors.

Seat calculation & source

These are the ward and PR seats published by the IEC. The totals add up to all 78 council seats. This is the historical election allocation, not a record of government changes during the term. Any grouped “Other” seats remain grouped.

IEC result time: 06 Apr 2017, 11:45 SAST · Source figures ↗

Ward vs PR ballots

Ward: choose a person. PR: choose a party.

Ward ballot

The candidate with the most votes in the whole ward wins one seat. They do not need more than 50%.

Municipal PR ballot

PR means proportional representation. Party-list seats balance the council’s overall party representation.

Two ballots work together

Party ward votes and municipal PR votes both count towards the party’s overall seat allocation.

Outside metros, voters also have a separate district PR ballot. An independent can stand in a ward but not on a party PR list.

Understanding the results

IEC guide to council seats
IEC source figures

The council results cover all of Msunduzi. Ward results include areas outside Chase Valley.

This page uses the Stats SA statistical main-place boundary labelled 2016. It overlaps 3 of the 2026 wards; the everyday town boundary may differ.

Town-to-ward mappings are available for 2026 only. The historical wards above belong to the whole municipality in 2016.

Positive-area intersections of the full-precision 2016 Stats SA main-place polygon and the MDB 2026 ward polygons. Display simplification is applied separately. Full-ward figures include votes outside the place; votes are never allocated by overlap area. Small boundary alignment differences were excluded using a 10-metre precision tolerance, a combined foreign area below 0.01% of the place, and agreement with the source municipality.

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